Dystopian Society Comparing Brave New World and 1984 Essay

Dystopian Society: Comparing Brave New World and 1984 Different societies have risen and fallen in the continual search for the â€Å"perfect† society. The definition of this utopia is in constant flux due to changing times and cultural values. Many works of literature have been written describing a utopian society and the steps needed to achieve it. However, there are those with a more cynical or more realistic view of society that comment on current and future trends. These individuals look at the problems in society and show how to solve them with the use of control and power. Such a society is considered undesirable and has become known as dystopian society. In the books 1984 by George Orwell and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley,†¦show more content†¦There are some differences between the two novels based mainly on the form of control used to mold society to the ideals put forth from the leaders of the society. Orwell focuses on the use of the media, fear and hate to control the masses while Huxley depicts the use of conditioning, sex and soma (drugs). The novel 1984 is rift with hate and violence. This is especially seen through the unending war between the three worldpowers and the use of the Two Minute Hate to bring the people to a state of frenzy. The telescreens are never allowed to be turned off and the people are constantly watched and can be punished for even a thoughtcrime. In contrast, Brave New World focuses on making people happy with their assigned place in life. They are conditioned from decanting through childhood with the prejudice and social values determined by the ten world leaders. This keeps everyone focused on shallow things like physical pleasure without looking for a deeper meaning in life. If everyone is already happy then there is no need to change the system because no one will ever have a cause to rebel. Both societies use a different form of control with the main difference lying in the use of punishment or reward as the stimulus. The United States fea tures aspects from both novels but can better be described as a mixture of the two. Society is broken down into castes or social classes that in turn effects how people are treated. WeShow MoreRelatedA New Dystopia By George Orwell1372 Words   |  6 PagesA New Dystopia Who will reign supreme; Aldous Huxley or George Orwell? Ever since these two authors released their dystopian novels over 50 years ago, both authors and avid fans have argued as to which dystopia will take over our society. Will it be the brute force, boot and gun approach of Orwell s dystopia or the all-loving, drug-accepting society that Huxley illustrates? If you take a closer look, a mix of both dystopias is quite apparent in our society today; we are living in our own modernRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Brave New World 2696 Words   |  11 Pagesplace and, paradoxically â€Å"No place†. It is a literacy concept describing a society characterised by undesirability defined by general human interpretation. In such societies, responsibility is almost universally placed on an oppressive and inexorable state, denaturing what defines one as human. This can be applied to both the settings of ‘Brave New World and ‘1984’. However, both authors approach t heir respective dystopian visions in different ways. Orwell envisioned INGSOC, a state based on security

Research and Statistics Free Essays

HYPOTHESIS A hypothesis is a formal tentative statement of the expected relationship between two or more variables under study. Definition: A hypothesis is an assumption statement about the relationship between two or more variables that suggest an answer to the research question. OR Good Hatt define hypothesis as shrewd guess or inference that is formulated and provisionally adopted to explain observed facts or conditions and to guide in further investigation. We will write a custom essay sample on Research and Statistics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Importance: ? Hypothesis enables the researcher to objectively investigate new areas of discovery. Hypothesis provides objectivity to the research activity. ? It also provides direction to conduct research such as defining the sources and relevance of data. ? Hypothesis provides clear and specific goals to the researchers. ? Hypothesis provide link between theories and actual practical research. ? It provides a bridge between theory and reality. ? A hypothesis suggests which type of research is likely to be most appropriate. ? As it is tentative statement of anticipated results. ? It stimulating the thinking process of researcher as the researcher forms the hypothesis by anticipating outcome. It also determines the most appropriate research designs and techniques of data analysis. ? Hypothesis provides understanding to the researchers about what to except from the results of the research study. ? It serves as a framework for drawing conclusions of a research study. ? Without hypothe sis, research would be like aimless wandering. Characteristics of a good hypothesis: The main characteristics of a good hypothesis as follows: ? Conceptual clarity: Hypothesis should consist of clearly defined and understandable concepts. Hypothesis can be stated in declarative statement, in present tense. Empirical referents: A good hypothesis must have empirical basis from the area of enquiry. ? Objectivity: Hypothesis must be objective, which facilitate objectivity in data collection. ? Specificity: It should be specific, not general, and should explain the expected relation between variables. ? Relevant: The hypothesis should be relevant to the problem being studied as well as the objectives of the study. ? Testability: Hypothesis should be testable and should not be a moral judgement. ? Consistency: A hypothesis should be consistent with an existing body of theories, research findings, and other hypothesis. Simplicity: A hypothesis should be formulated in simple and understanda ble terms. ? Availability of techniques: The researcher must make sure that methods are available for testing their proposed hypothesis. ? Purposiveness: The researcher must formulate only purposeful hypothesis. ? Verifiability: A good hypothesis can be actually verified in practical terms. ? Profundity of effect: A good research should have profound effect upon a variety of research variables. ? Economical: The expenditure of money and the time can be controlled if the hypothesis underlying the research undertaken is good. Sources of hypothesis Hypothesis in research study cannot developed merely with wild guesses or assumptions , but they are generated from variety if sources such as theoretical or conceptual Frameworks, previous research findings,real life experiences and academic literature. ? Theoretical or conceptual frameworks: the most important sources of hypothesis are theoretical or conceptual framework developed for the study. Through a deductive approach these hypothesis are drawn from theoretical and conceptual framework for testing them. ? Previous research: findings of the previous research studies may be used for framing the hypothesis for another study. real life experiences: real life experiences also contribute in the formulation of hypothesis for research studies. ? Academic literature : it is based on formal theories, empirical evidences, experiences, observation and conceptualization of academicians. TYPES OF HYPOTHESIS Simple an complex hypothesis: Simple: It is a statement which reflects the relation ship between two variables Complex: It is a statement which reflects the relationship between more than two variables. Associative and causal hypothesis: Associative: It reflects the relationship between variables that occur or exists in natural settings without manipulation. Causal: it predicts the cause and effect relationship between two or more dependent and independent variables in experimental or interventional. Directional and non directional hypothesis: Directional hypothesis: It specifies not only the existence, but also the expected direction of the relationship between variables. Non directional hypothesis: It reflects the relationship between two or more variables, but it does not specify the anticipated direction and nature of relationship such as positive or negative. Null and research hypothesis: Null hypothesis (H0):It is also known as statistical hypothesis and is used for statistical testing and interpretations of statistical outcome. Research hypothesis(H1): It states the existence of relationship between two or more variables. Conclusion: The formulation of hypothesis plays an important part in the growth of knowledge in every science. Hypothesis converts the question posed by the research problem into a declarative statement that predicts an expected outcome. Bibliography: [pic] How to cite Research and Statistics, Essays

Common Law and Legislation Stated

Question: Discuss about the Common Law and Legislation Stated. Answer: Introduction: In Australia, both common law and legislation stated the rights of patients for receiving the health care from doctors, hospitals and other institutions that are providing health care. There are three types of rights which are given to the patients: Patient has right to get medical treatment with reasonable care and skill from the health care provider. Patient has right to decide whether he want to undergo for the medical treatment or not after receiving the information related to medical treatment and risk involved in that treatment. Right to keep the information confidential that is related to medical treatment[1]. In this paper we discuss the accuracy of the statement that is using the law to successfully gain access to medical treatment is limited and typically likely to be unproductive, and also any law related to medical treatment stated by common law or human right commission in Australia. Health care in Australia: In Australia, there are number of peoples who get benefit from the policy of medical treatment, and it is the right of the patients to get medical treatment. It is the duty and obligation of medical practitioners to ensure that rights of patients are upheld. There are large numbers of people who get affected because of absence of medical treatment. According to the report of world health organization Australia has the highest error related to medical treatment in the world, and following data is presented in the report: In Australia, almost 18000 people die because of the medical negligence. Almost 50000 people suffered medical injury which is permanent in nature because of the medical negligence in Australia. Due to medication errors almost 80000 people get hospitalized annually[2]. However it is important to know that not all the medical errors are negligent, and patient cannot sue for compensation just because outcome of his treatment was not good. A medical error is considered as medical negligence only when health care practitioner is failed to take reasonable care. We can understand this with the help of case law that is Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957]. In this case, Mr. Bolam sued Friern Hospital committee for compensation for not providing the information related to treatment and being negligible. This case lays down the rule that is known as the Bolam test to determine the proper standards of reasonable care in negligence cases related to skilled professionals. This rule stated that if doctor reaches the standard of responsible body of medical opinion then he is not negligent in the case. Common law in Australia provide many laws related to rights of patients such as Consent to Medical Treatment and Palliative Care Act 1995, rights of people with mental incapacity is regulated by Guardianship and Administration Act 1993. On the other hand, government of Australia also issued Australian Charter of Health Care Rights. This charter is issued by the commission in 2007-2008. The development of this charter was done with care and after consulting the rights of patients related to health care services. This charter is introduced by the ministers of health as the Australian Charter of Healthcare Rights in July 2008, and it is used across the country. This charter is applicable in all the public and private hospitals of Australia, general practice conducted in Australia, and other community environments. The main purpose of this charter is to make the common understanding of the rights of people related to receive health care to the patients and their families, consumers, care rs and service providers[3]. Following are the rights available to patients in Australia: Right to get basic health care Service and Medicare- according to the human right commission in Australia, Medicare organizations are obliged to provide free and subsidized health care to a patient, and this health care includes treatment provided by practitioners, dentists, and allied health practitioners in some specific situations. These facilities are available only for those people who reside permanently in Australia, citizens of Australia and New Zealand, holders of permanent visa, and in some situations people who applied for permanent residence visas. It is the general duty of hospitals to provide medical treatment to the patient who is under emergency medical condition. Entitlements related to Medicare also includes free treatment and accommodation in public hospital as a public patient, and subsidiary in medicines through the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. Doctors have no right to refuse the treatment of patients on the basis of any improper reason and they cannot discriminate their patients on the basis of sex, race, cast and on any other invalid reason. This rule is identified in the case Court in Roberts v. Galen of Virginia, Inc., 525 U.S. 249, 119 S. Ct. 685, 142 L. Ed. 2d 648 (1999)[4]. In this case, Jane Roberts who is guardian of Johnson filed this suit under 1395 dd(d) of EMTALA and stated that defendant violate 1395 dd(d) of EMTALA. Court held in this that plaintiff was failed to show that decision of hospital to authorize the transfer was caused by any improper motive such as race, sex, and cast. Patients who are accessing their right are not able to choose doctor and hospital, but patients covered under private insurance are able to choose their own doctor, surgeon or hospital. Medicare also provides private hospital subsidies in some cases. It must be noted that people who are eligible to get medical treatment in Australia is also eligible to get medical treatments in the country where Australia has health care agreement. Presently Australia has agreement with almost eleven countries such as UK, New Zealand, Ireland, the Netherlands, Italy, Malta, Sweden, Finland, Norway, Belgium, and Slovenia[5]. There are some situations in which health care provider reject to provide expensive or experimental treatment. The Australian Human Rights Commission (the Commission) plays important role in protecting and promoting the medical rights of their citizen. The Commission framed many policies related to medical treatment, and provide following rights to their citizens: Easy access to basic health care services and medical treatment to the citizens. Provide concessions on medicines and other expenses incurred on health. Payments made to patients to help them in meeting their treatment costs. Provide facility of private health insurance. Preventive care. Doctors own duty of care towards their patients, and this is duty owned by medical practitioner towards their patients for taking reasonable care. There are some cases which explain it well such as Strempel v Wood [2005] WASCA 163 [28][6], in this case McLure JA stated that if patient pay fees to the doctor and consult with him then doctor own duty of care towards patient. Informed consent- it is necessary for the health provider that he gives all information to the patient related to his medical treatment and risk involved in the treatment before providing that treatment to the patient. If patient agree to the treatment then it is called consent to treatment. According to this requirement it is the duty of health care provider that he gives all related information to the patient so that patient can take informed decision[7]. This right is upheld by the Supreme Court of NSW and the Supreme Court of Western Australia in two cases that is Hunter New England Area Health Service v. A [2009] NSW SC 761[8] , this case highlights the conflicting interest related to right of self determination of competent adult. In other words it determine the right of competent adult to control the ones own body, and also interest of the state in protecting the lives and health of citizens. Second case is Brightwater Care Group (Inc) v. Rossiter [2009] WASC229[9] in which S upreme Court of Western Australia supports the decision of first case. Common law of Australia state that all the adults who are competent can accept or refuse the treatment, and if informed consent of patient is not present then it may result in legal consequences for doctor or medical practitioner. Informed consent means consent given by patient after getting all the information related to treatment and also warning for the risk involved in treatment. We can understand this with the help of case law Rogers v Whitaker (1992) 175 CLR 479[10]. In this case, the main issue was whether doctors are failed to advise and give warning of the risk involved in operation to the patient. The next case was filed after 20 years that was Sidaway v Governors of Bethlehem Royal Hospital [1985] AC 871[11]. In this case, surgeon appointed by hospital operates the spinal column of plaintiff and he failed to warn the plaintiff about the risk associated with operation that was damage to her spinal cord. After the operation the spinal cord of plaintiff was damaged. Court applied Bollam rule in this case. Common law also stated that in some situations individual is not able to give informed consent or consent is not required such as in case of emergency. However there are exception in case of children in which High Court held that parents has right to authorize the treatment. The rule related to competency of minor consent is developed by the English House of Lords decision in Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority [1986] AC 112[12], and this rule is approved by the High Court in Department of Health and Community Services v JWB and SMB (Marions case) (1992) 175 CLR 218[13]. In Australia, there is legislation which permits the medical treatment to child without the consent of parents such as blood transfusion is allowed without the consent of the parents if life of the child was in danger. Section 20A of the Children (Care and Protection) Act 1987 (NSW) can be understand with the help of case law Dalton v Skuthorpe (unreported decision of Supreme Court of New South Wales, 17 Nov. 1992, No. 5094 of 1992)[14] in this case, court held that life of the child is in question therefore blood transfusion is valid without the consent of parents of the child. One more case law is there to understand this point that is Marchant v Finney (unreported decision of Supreme Court of New South Wales, 31 July 1992, No. 3599 of 1992)[15]. Importance of section 20A is stated in case Birkett v Director General of Family and Community Services (Unreported decision of Supreme Court of New South Wales, 3 Feb. 1994, No. 3161 of 1991), and the decision of this case is given on the basis of Rolands v Rolands (1983) 9 Fam LR 320[16]. In northern territory of Australia, Emergency Medical Operations Act 1973 (NT) allowed the health care providers to operate the child in case of emergency[17]. Some parents object the blood transfusion on the basis of religion, but Courts have power to overrule these kinds of objections raised by the parents in the interest of the life of child. However, such situations are decided by the court in case Re S (a minor) (medical treatment) [1993] 1 FLR 376, a 4 [18]. In this case, the parents of child are Jehovahs' Witnesses and all the family members in their medical records veto the blood transfusions. In this case court held that parents has right to refuse the blood transfusion of their child if there is no risk on the life of the child. Judge further stated that parents or guardians of child can give importance to their religious beliefs if risk on childs life is negligible. In case, Re O (a minor) (medical treatment) [1993] 2 FLR 149[19] court refused the decision of the parents to avoid blood transfusion just because they are Jehovahs' Witnesses. However, in case Re E (a minor) [1993] 1 FLR 386[20] it is established the unwillingness of court to follow the religious objections for the safety and health of childrens. If competent adult refuse the blood transfusion then court did not consider the health of victim but they consider the validity of refusal. In case, Malette v Shulman [1991] 2 Med LR 162, a 57[21] court held that right to refuse the treatment is the right of the patient on his own body. There is one more case Re T (adult: refusal of medical treatment) [1992] 4 All ER 649[22] in which court stated that if patient is not capable to give refusal then court overrule the objection of patient for blood transfusion. Therefore, courts overrule the objections of parents on the basis of religion to safeguard the health and care of child but in case of adult if refusal is valid and stated in advance then such refusal must be respected. Conclusion: In Australia, there are many cases which provide enough guidance on the medical law of Australia, and rights of patients to get medical access in hospitals. Guidance provided by case laws is sufficient to regulate the medical law in Australia. Decisions provided by court and tribunals are very important because these decision are made under the shadow of law. All these cases are different from each other, and they have unique circumstances, and these factors help the medical practitioners in providing treatments to competent and incompetent adults or minors. Therefore, statement is not correct that using the law to successfully gain access to medical treatment is limited and typically likely to be unproductive. References: Court in Roberts v. Galen of Virginia, (1999) 2d 648 (1999). moran v. Rush Prudential HMO, (2002)2d 375. Hunter New England Area Health Service v. A [2009] NSW SC 761. Brightwater Care Group (Inc) v. Rossiter [2009] WASC 229. Rogers v Whitaker (1992) CLR 479. Roberts v. Galen of Virginia, Inc., (1999) 525 U.S. English House of Lords decision in Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority [1986] AC 112. Secretary, Department of Health and Community Services v JWB and SMB (Marions case)(1992) 175 CLR 218. Dalton v Skuthorpe (unreported decision of Supreme Court of New South Wales (1992), No. 5094 of 1992. Marchant v Finney (unreported decision of Supreme Court of New South Wales) (1992) No. 3599. Rolands v Rolands (1983) 9 Fam LR 320. Re S (a minor) (medical treatment) [1993] 1 FLR 376, a 4 . Re O (a minor) (medical treatment) [1993] 2 FLR 149. Re E (a minor) [1993] 1 FLR 386. Malette v Shulman [1991] 2 Med LR 162, a 57. Re T (adult: refusal of medical treatment) [1992] 4 All ER 649. Strempel v Wood [2005] WASCA 163 [28]. Sidaway v Governors of Bethlehem Royal Hospital [1985] AC 871. Legal services commission, Patients rights (2016) https://www.lawhandbook.sa.gov.au/ch29s01.phpaccessed 27 December 2016. Medical Negligence Solicitor Australia, medical negligence in australia - what every patient should know https://www.medneg.com.au/truth.html accessed 27 December 2016. AHRC, Your right to health (2016) https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/your-rights-retirement/7-your-right-health accessed 27 December 2016. ALRC, Review of State and Territory Legislation (2016) https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/10-review-state-and-territory-legislation/informed-consent-medical-treatment accessed 27 December 2016. Australian Commission on safety and quality in Health care, Australian Charter of Healthcare Rights (2016 ) https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/national-priorities/charter-of-healthcare-rights/ accessed 27 December 2016. Pei-Tee-King, REFUSAL TO CONSENT TO TREATMENT ON RELIGIOUS GROUNDS https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MurUEJL/1995/21.html accessed 27 December 2016.

The Moviegoer Essay Example For Students

The Moviegoer Essay The MoviegoerWalker Percy is the author of The Moviegoer, which is written about a young man named John Binkerson Bolling otherwise known as Binx. He is the main character who grows up in New Orleans. He is a moviegoer who is on a search but the object of his search is not clear. The people he encounters help him along the way, especially his stepbrother Lonnie and an African American man. The Moviegoer takes place during Mardi Gras when Binx discovers that something more is needed in his life. The story begins with Binx receiving a letter from his Aunt Emily saying that they need to have a talk. This talk is about his cousin Kate who Aunt Emily is worried about. She has been moping around the house ever since her fiancs death and Aunt Emily wants Binx to cheer her up (28). She wants him to treat Kate as he did before and joke around with her to make her laugh and smile. She has been staying inside and has not interacted with people in a while. On Binxs way to his aunts house, the id ea of a search occurs to him (13). The search is what anyone would undertake if he were not sunk in the everydayness of his own life. To become aware of the possibility of the search is to be onto something (13). But what exactly is Binx onto? Binx doesnt know and doesnt reveal the purpose of his search because he fears exposing (his) own ignorance (14). Is this search about God? Binx hesitates to answer, since all other Americans have settled the matter for themselves and to give such an answer would amount to setting himself a goal which everyone else has reached and therefore raising a question in which no one has the slightest interest. For, as everyone knows, the polls report that 98% of Americans believe in God and the remaining 2% are atheists and agnostics which leaves not a single percentage point for a seeker (13, 14).Binxs search continues through his attraction to the movies that are onto the search, but throw him further from the truth. The search always ends in despair (13). The movies are a way for him to fill the emptiness in his life. They give him incite into others lives and into his own life. Before I see a movie it is necessary for me to learn about something about the theater or the people who operate it, to touch base before going inside (74). This helps him learn more about how others live and learn more about life, which helps him move further along in his search. As a moviegoer, he only goes to movies with Kate and Lonnie because they know not to talk. Lonnie and Binx can communicate in silence. They know what each other are thinking during the movie and can share moments together without speaking. Binx relates being a moviegoer to being Jewish based on evidence; a sociologist reported that a significantly large percentage of solitary moviegoers are Jews (89). He believes he had been a Jew in a previous incarnation . . . Anyhow it is true that I am Jewish by instinct (89). Binx believes he is not religious but that something was in hi m in the past. Even if he was slightly religious Binx would refuse to have his search center on God and religion for he believes there is something more for him.The Negro mentioned at the end of the book is also significant in Binxs search. A Negro gets out and goes up into the church and is described as more respectable than respectable; he is more middle-class than one could believe (233). He goes into the church for an unknown reason, but when he comes out, his forehead is an ambiguous sienna color and pied: it is impossible to be sure that he received ashes (234). This is a sign of being absolved from your sins and being forgiven. It is a sign of a new beginning, a new chapter that Binx is starting. The Negro gets in his Mercury and does not leave immediately but sits looking down at something on the seat beside him (234). It is unclear as to what he is in search for and it is impossible to say why he is here (234). Just like Binx, he is in search for something and it is unknown as to what. But, the Negro received ashes despite his need to search and has received forgiveness. The Negro is not complete but still has to search even though he is rooted in his religion. The path to ones search is individualized and varies depending on the person. Peoples single encounters with other people along the way influence their path.Binxs search then takes him to visit his Catholic mother who has remarried because Binxs father died in WWII. Through this remarriage, Binx has a sickly stepbrother named Lonnie. Through Lonnie, Binx grows in his search. On Sundays, he and Lonnie have a program. First we talk, usually on a religious subject; then we take a ride; then he asks me to do him like Akim (164). Binx beats up his stepbrother and Lonnie responds with, I am still offering my communion for you (165). Binx knows and admits to loving Lonnie when he asks. Lonnie makes Binx aware of religion and makes Binx open up in conversation. Although they do not have the same belief s, Lonnies way of life, of being content and rooted in God even when he is so sick, helps Binx.During Binxs search he discovers that the believers are far from unique themselves (109). I had discovered that a person does not have to be this or be that or be anything, not even oneself. One is free. Binx again discovered something about life and this has opened his eyes that he can be whatever he wants to be and he is free to do what he wants.Binx and his cousin Kate take a train to Chicago, and return to a very sick Lonnie. On the trip, Kate tells Binx that he (Binx) is not religious. God is not religious. You are the unmoved mover. You dont need God or anyone else no credit to you, unless it is a credit to be the most self-centered person alive. I dont know whether I love you, but I believe in you and I will do what you tell me (197). This describes what Kate believes about Binx. Even though he is not religious, she still loves him and will listen to him. She doesnt think Binx has a chieved anything in his search, but this is proven to be false. In the end Binx decides to give up his business as a bond dealer and go to medical school, and he and Kate decide to marry. He does not know his exact plan but there is only one thing he can do: listen to people, see how they stick themselves into the world, hand them along always in their dark journey and be handed along, and for good and selfish reasons. It only remains to decide whether this vocation is best pursued in a service station or (233). This is what he does through going to the movies and now he can apply what he learns to his own life.Because of this search, Binx discovers that he is free and can do what he wants with his life. He does not need to be as religious as Lonnie but he has choices. Lonnie is willing to fast even though he is very sick and this gives Binx faith that anything is possible if you put your mind to it. Even on Lonnies deathbed, he is content. After his half-brother Lonnie Smith died o f a massive virus infection which was never positively identified, he is asked what will happen to Lonnie (237). The children ask Binx, When Our Lord raises us up on the last day, will Lonnie still be in a wheelchair or will he be like us? and he responds with, hell be like you (240). This he may not act in a religious way but at least he does not deny the Lord. So even though he is not all religious, he has taken the faith of Lonnie and directed it into his life. Lonnies belief in the long run affects Binx and helps him so many times in his search. He started as a moviegoer, living his life through the movies and now he realizes he can live his life through his actions. He was inspired by one he knew very well and by others everyday actions. He was inspired for the better and hopefully his new profession and wife will fill the void that hes been feeling for so long. .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491 , .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491 .postImageUrl , .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491 , .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491:hover , .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491:visited , .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491:active { border:0!important; } .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491:active , .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491 .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5c11f268f1af7512c28718c318a31491:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Benefits of healthy eating and exercise Essay We will write a custom essay on The Moviegoer specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Words/ Pages : 1,703 / 24

Free Essays on Fashion

In my lifetime I have worn many different types of styles ad well as participated in a few new fashion trends. Three styles I participated in were â€Å"dress codes†, â€Å"vintage/preppy†, and â€Å"designer clothing.† Some of the reasons for changing the way you dress have to do with your environment, surroundings, and the people whom which you associate with. When I was in sixth grade, I transferred to a private school. Our dress code consisted of a blue polo shirt and khaki pants or a white polo shirt and blue pants. We wore this clothing because it was what was expected of us. I didn’t like the style and thought it was rather boring, but I did it because my parents made me. I tried to find ways to make this dress code a little bit more unique. I would wear a blue belt with my khaki pants and hope that maybe I would stand out in a school of three hundred or so kids. Wearing the same thing in school eliminated the competition. The school didn’t want the kids to compete over who was wearing the nicer alfit so they made it the same. At this point in my life I wasn’t yet an individual. I went with the flow and tried not to be completely different than all the other kids. I didn’t have the confidence and security yet to do so. When you’re a kid you want to be life everybody else because you donâ⠂¬â„¢t want people to make fun of you, even if you feel different kids can be very mean. It’s hard to have meaningful self-exploration when you are young because you are just trying to fit in and that it hard enough. When you get a little older and more secure than you can begin the journey of self-discovery and make it show, in ways of clothes and hairstyle, etc. In a way I was always a little bit different than all of my friends. I knew that I would need to find a way to stick out, but I didn’t necessarily want it to be through clothing (at least not yet). Private school was in a way trying to make everyone look exactl... Free Essays on Fashion Free Essays on Fashion In my lifetime I have worn many different types of styles ad well as participated in a few new fashion trends. Three styles I participated in were â€Å"dress codes†, â€Å"vintage/preppy†, and â€Å"designer clothing.† Some of the reasons for changing the way you dress have to do with your environment, surroundings, and the people whom which you associate with. When I was in sixth grade, I transferred to a private school. Our dress code consisted of a blue polo shirt and khaki pants or a white polo shirt and blue pants. We wore this clothing because it was what was expected of us. I didn’t like the style and thought it was rather boring, but I did it because my parents made me. I tried to find ways to make this dress code a little bit more unique. I would wear a blue belt with my khaki pants and hope that maybe I would stand out in a school of three hundred or so kids. Wearing the same thing in school eliminated the competition. The school didn’t want the kids to compete over who was wearing the nicer alfit so they made it the same. At this point in my life I wasn’t yet an individual. I went with the flow and tried not to be completely different than all the other kids. I didn’t have the confidence and security yet to do so. When you’re a kid you want to be life everybody else because you donâ⠂¬â„¢t want people to make fun of you, even if you feel different kids can be very mean. It’s hard to have meaningful self-exploration when you are young because you are just trying to fit in and that it hard enough. When you get a little older and more secure than you can begin the journey of self-discovery and make it show, in ways of clothes and hairstyle, etc. In a way I was always a little bit different than all of my friends. I knew that I would need to find a way to stick out, but I didn’t necessarily want it to be through clothing (at least not yet). Private school was in a way trying to make everyone look exactl...

How to Write a Great Book Report

How to Write a Great Book Report One assignment has lasted the test of time, uniting generations of students in a common learning exercise:  book reports. While many students dread these assignments, book reports can help students learn how to interpret texts and gain a broader understanding of the world around them.  Well-written books can open your eyes to new experiences, people, places, and life situations that you may have never thought about before. In turn, a book report is a tool that allows you, the reader, to demonstrate that you have understood all the nuances of the text you just read. What'sa Book Report? In the broadest terms, a book report  describes and summarizes a work of fiction or nonfiction. It sometimes- but not always- includes a personal evaluation of the text. In general, regardless of grade level, a book report will include an introductory paragraph that shares the title of the book and its author.  Students will often develop their own opinions about the underlying meaning of the texts through developing thesis statements, typically presented in the opening of a book report,  and then using examples from the text and interpretations to support those statements.  Ã‚   Before You Start Writing A good book report will address a specific question or point of view and back up this topic with specific examples, in the form of symbols and themes. These steps will help you identify and incorporate those important elements. It shouldnt be too hard to do, provided youre prepared, and you can expect to spend, on average, 3-4 days working on the assignment. Check out these tips to ensure youre successful: Have an objective in mind.  This  is the main point you want to present or the question you plan to answer in your report.  Ã‚  Keep supplies on hand when you read.  This is  very  important. Keep sticky-note flags, pen, and paper nearby as you read. If youre reading an eBook, make sure you know how to use the annotation function of your app/program.  Ã‚  Read the book.  Seems obvious, but too many students try to take a shortcut and simply read summaries or watch movies, but you often miss important details that can make or break your book report.Pay attention to detail.  Keep an eye out for clues that the author has provided in the form of symbolism. These will indicate some important point that supports the overall theme. For instance, a spot of blood on the floor, a quick glance, a nervous habit, an impulsive action, a repetitive action... These are worth noting.Use your sticky flags to mark pages.  When you run into  clues or interesting passages, mark the page by placing the sticky note at the beginning of the relevant line.  Ã‚   Look for themes.  As you read, you should begin to see an emerging theme. On a notepad, write down some notes on how you came to determine the theme.Develop a rough outline.  By the time you finish  reading the book,  you will have recorded several possible themes or approaches to your objective. Review your notes and find points that  you can back up with good examples (symbols).   Your Book Report Introduction The start  of your book report provides an opportunity to make a solid introduction to the material and your own personal assessment of the work. You should try to write a strong introductory paragraph  that grabs your readers attention. Somewhere in your first paragraph, you should also state the books title  and the authors name. High school-level papers should include publication information as well as brief statements about the books angle, the genre, the theme, and a hint about the writers feelings in the introduction. First Paragraph Example: Middle School Level: The Red Badge of Courage, by Stephen Crane, is a book about a young man growing up during the Civil War. Henry Fleming is the main character of the book. As Henry watches and experiences the tragic events of the war, he grows up and changes his attitudes about life. First Paragraph Example: High School Level: Can you identify one experience that changed your entire view of the world around you? Henry Fleming, the main character in The Red Badge of Courage, begins his life-changing adventure as a naive young man, eager to experience the glory of war. He soon faces the truth about life, war, and his own self-identity on the battlefield, however. The Red Badge of Courage, by Stephen Crane, is a coming of age novel published by D. Appleton and Company in 1895, about thirty years after the Civil War ended. In this book, the author reveals the ugliness of war and examines its relationship to the pain of growing up. The Body of the Book Report Before you get started on the body of the report, take a few minutes to jot down some helpful information by considering the following points. Did you enjoy the book?Was it well written?What was the genre?(fiction) Which characters play important roles that relate to the overall theme?Did you notice reoccurring symbols?Is this book a part of a series?(nonfiction) Can you identify the writers thesis?What is the writing style?Did you notice a tone?Was there an obvious slant or bias? In the body of your book report, you will use your notes to guide you through an extended summary of the book. You will weave your own thoughts and impressions into the plot summary. As you review the text, youll want to focus on key moments in the storyline and relate them to the perceived theme of the book, and how the characters and setting all bring the details together. Youll want to be sure that you discuss the plot, any examples of conflict that you encounter, and how the story resolves itself. It can be helpful to use strong quotes from the book to enhance your writing.   The Conclusion As you lead to your final paragraph, consider some additional impressions and opinions: Was the ending satisfactory (for fiction)?Was the thesis supported by strong evidence (for nonfiction)?What interesting or notable facts do you know about the author?Would you recommend this book? Conclude your report with a paragraph or two that covers these additional points. Some teachers prefer that you re-state the name and author of the book in the concluding paragraph. As always, consult your specific assignment guide or ask your teacher if you have questions about what is expected of you.

Choose one topic from four Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Choose one topic from four - Assignment Example In order to identify the objective of the GATT/WTO, it is revealed that GATT/WTO has concentrated towards international trade policies with the intention of ensuring the international trade agenda. At the same time, GATT/WTO has tried to develop the international trade security. In this regard, GATT/WTO has concentrated towards economic factors with the intention of ensuring the interdependent international trade policy. In this context, GATT/WTO has emphasised towards securing the supply of natural resources such as oil, food as well as human security among the global countries. Apart from this, GATT/WTO has concentrated on political framework to establish a supportive internal trade relation among the global players and to create a supportive business environment. Additionally, it can be claimed that for ensuring the economic factor and positive trade relations among the global players, WTO/GATT has concentrated towards world industrials systems and also tried combat with environme ntal threats such as climate change. Additionally, it can be claimed that the WTO/GATT has provided its superior effort with the aim of enhancing the international trade as well as investment environment (Falkner, 2011). The objective of this paper is to identify the economic theory underpinning contemporary international economic relations. At the same time, this particular assignment has concerned with the broad principles underpinning WTO law, and with an analysis of specific agreements and disputes. Moreover, the study intended to identify the contemporary legal problems of WTO. With the effect of globalization and internationalization, it is revealed that most of nations no longer discussed in isolation, rather it is revealed that larger numbers of nations have concentrated on economic and political chance for ensuring the international political relations. In this regard, it is witnessed that several

Book Explores Ways Faith Is Kept, or Lost, Over Generations Essay

Book Explores Ways Faith Is Kept, or Lost, Over Generations - Essay Example The advice provided to parents is to give religious freedom to their children once they offer their teachings and explain the importance of religion through actions and not hypocrisy. This freedom will make the youth still maintain going to church and holding on to their faith even if they change churches from what their parents go to. Children are in a better position to follow their parents’ teachings on religion more than youth and also teachings about religion coming from the paternal side are more cemented and followed compared to that from maternal side although this view sometimes changes depending on religion. I agree with the author on the issue of children following their parents’ religion and faith more than the youth. This is majorly influence by the growth and development liberation coming with adolescence and wanting to explore for themselves the truth behind religion and hence the need to move to other churches. After the process of rediscovery and â€Å"growing up,† those with staunch religious background and good example eventually return to religion and faith. Oppenheimer, M. (January 31st, 2014). â€Å"Book Explores Ways Faith Is Kept, or Lost, Over Generations.† The New York Times. Retrieved from:

Sherlock Holmes and the Speckled Band Essay Example for Free

Sherlock Holmes and the Speckled Band Essay At the start of the story there are small rises of tension and falls, the use of Victorian Melodrama creates drama for the reader. When Helen Stoner comes in and tells Holmes about her family it is slow paced and little or no tension at all. Then she tells of her sisters death, which makes the tension rise. In the story there two lulls before the storm which is when everything is quiet happy and slow paced but then the action breaks out and the pace and tension rise But we shall have horrors enough before the night is over for goodness sake let us have a quiet pipe and turn our minds for a few hours to something more cheerful. There are four main high points in the story, the last being the climax. This is where Dr Roylott dies. Sherlock Holmes was the first real fictional detective and is still very popular today. He was a private detective, not a member of the police force because in those days the police werent held in high regard. He was put on a pedestal by the people who read about him because he was fulfilling everything the police werent. Many of todays TV detectives are based on Holmes including Colombo, Jonathan Creek, Poirot and Morse. Sherlock Holmes is instantly recognizable in his deerstalker hat and his long cloak but actually these were not originally his clothes. Someone who was drawing him made them up. We also recognize him by his magnifying glass and that he plays the violin and smokes a pipe. He smokes his pipe when he is meditating or trying to work out a clue or puzzle. Holmes personality is very polite but not emotional, he is a middle class gentleman and very logical. He always tries to outdo the people he meets. He does this in the story when he describes how Miss Stoner arrives and when he straightened out the poker which Dr Roylott had bent in anger. Inspector Morse is very similar to Sherlock Holmes. He is recognized by his red car, his classical music and his love for real ale. His mannerisms are like those of Holmes too, he is a polite middle class gentleman, very clever but is abrupt. He cares inside but doesnt show it. Morse also has a sidekick who is called Lewis; he is like Holmes Dr Watson. The reason for a sidekick is to narrate the story, to make the detective look a lot cleverer and to be an ally to us the readers. I had no keener pleasure than in following Holmes in his professional investigations, and in admiring the rapid deductions, as swift as intuitions, and yet always founded on a logical basis, with which he unraveled the problems which were submitted to him. Obviously a murder mystery has to have a murder and we usually find out who the murderer is at the end of the story. The Speckled Band is quite unusual because we know that Roylott is the killer but we dont know how he does it. Dr Roylott has an imposing physique and the author associates him with what we would generally consider bad using similes and metaphors. He is an archetypal villain and his only friends are wandering gypsies that arent trusted by others. These gypsies are associated with exotic pets and curses. Roylott is reclusive and has a beastly nature. He planned the murder in advance and spent and spent plenty of money on making sure that it took place. If Roylott is the archetypal villain then Helen Stoner is the archetypal victim. In Victorian literature women were portrayed as heroines who need help from heroes. Helen Stoner is weak, vulnerable and very emotional. She brings the only element of emotion into his story. She is emotional where as Holmes is logical. She plays a vital role in the story because she is the stepdaughter of the murderer, the sister of the murdered and the next in line. Helen Stoner is the stereotypical female of her time. She is like the prey and Roylott is the predator. When she comes to see Holmes her appearance is old and worn out. Her face all drawn and grey, with restless frightened eyes, like those of some hunted animal. She has aged before her time her features and figure were those of a woman of thirty, but her hair was shot with premature grey and her expression was weary and haggard. The stereotypical view of women has changed a lot over the last century. In the times that The Speckled Band was written women were seen as frail people who needed help from big strong men. In the 1920s Agatha Christie wrote books where a woman solved murder cases but people still thought she was stupid. Now in the year 2003 there are women who command entire police forces. In my opinion I dont think that The Speckled Band is very effective as a murder mystery because it is too obvious that Roylott is the killer. It is very good as a how-dun-it because its frustratingly hard to workout how Roylott killed his stepdaughter. Conan Doyle included a red herring into the story to try and throw us off course but I dont think it works at all. Its almost as if he just put it in at the end as a rushed job. Graham Dessington Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Arthur Conan Doyle section.

Becoming A Better Nation :: social issues

Becoming A Better Nation As an American citizen, it would be easy to say we should encourage both unity and diversity, but, in truth, it is almost impossible to implement such a great idea. Our nation would be a utopian society if we could implement both global or nation-wide unity while keeping our citizen’s diverse. Unfortunately, it’s an oxymoron – like saying we’re all alone together. Part II: The Dream Answer A. Utopia We could always take each individual aside from all they knew and brainwash them into believing that everyone was created equal, allow 10 year olds to vote just the same as 90 year olds and 45 year olds, and create family units of â€Å"brothers† and â€Å"sisters† who are of all different ethnicities. Then our nation would have both unity and diversity!! We could erase all those years of slavery, deception, and racism by never thinking of it again! Wow. Wouldn’t that be lovely? Unfortunately, we don’t live in dreams. You see, even if we were able to rob citizens of their United States’ freedoms and brainwash them, still our nation would have our racists, and we’d lack both unity and diversity coexisting as one. Racism is the reason we cannot have diversity and unity. Now this is because of the meaning of this word â€Å"racism.† Part III: Racism A. Opinions Now, let’s think of this logically: What is racism? Now when we want to find this out, duh, we go to the dictionary – and what more famous than our trusty (and dusty, in my case) â€Å"Webster’s Dictionary†? â€Å"Rac  · ism (rà ¢  ´ siz  ´ em) n. †¦ 2 Any program or practice of racial discrimination, segregation, etc. based on such beliefs – rac  ´ ist n., adj.† The main word in this definition is the word â€Å"beliefs.† A belief is not based on a fact; it’s based on a personal opinion. How can you make everyone not have personal opinions? By brainwashing them? Racism never ends. Therein lies our problem with full unity. Part III: Racism B. Expression(s) We all look different, but how do we feel different? By expressing ourselves. Some people are racist; some people are creative. Everyone has their own way of being themselves – and this is what makes the world diverse. No one is exactly like his or her best friend, neighbor, spouse, or even one of his or her parental units.

Positioning and Differentiation Strategies

Differentiation is the act of designing a set of meaningful differences to distinguish the company's offering from competitor's offerings (Rao, 2010). With Voice to Text/Text to Voice, Toyota designed itself above the rest. After researching the needs of its consumer, Toyota focused its plans on the safety and needs of today’s driver. With the human need to stay connected to our loved ones, friends, and business contacts at the touch of a button, Toyota turned it ways to providing this service to drivers in a safe manner. Taking the Bluetooth technology to another level, Toyota set itself up with its differentiation strategy to move with the consumer and appeal to the heart and mind when it comes to safety. By differentiating the marketing mix to do a better job meeting customers’ needs, Toyota builds a competitive advantage (Perreault, Cannon, & McCarthy, 2009). With this type of differentiating, the buyer will see that Toyota is trying to appeal to what the buyer really needs and wants. Other auto makers have not yet offered this technology, making the appeal appreciated by the buyer. This is a product that is important to their lives and the lives of their loved ones. Positioning refers to how customers think about proposed or present brands in a market (Perreault, Cannon, & McCarthy, 2009). By promoting the legal and safety level of the Voice to Text/Text to Voice, Toyota can ensure the customer will think positively about its product and service. With the focus of advertising in states that have banned texting while driving, Toyota can position itself as a front runner for safety to the customer. With the threat of citations, tickets, and possible jail, the customer will be looking for a quick fix. Toyota can position itself as the cure to the problem. At this point, Toyota is the only maker who offers this service, which puts them on the leader board and sets the stage for its followers and the positioning needed.

Working mothers

Instead traditional feminism has always focused on white middle-class needs. Traditional values fall to recognize how women's different identities such as race, class, and sexuality shape our views and beliefs about family and motherhood. Many believe that shared social issues such as women rights bring women together, but what many do not see are the different Identities such as class, race, and sexuality within gender, that can cause conflicting views. The quote above by Joan Williams Is a testament In understanding how these deferent identities within women can become a delving factor In their beliefs.Specifically women's beliefs and roles In the family are Influenced by their Individual Identities. These Intersections of identities play an important role in women's beliefs on motherhood. Through the course readings I will show how the notions of motherhood changes through these different identities. Women's participation in the labor, education, domestic duties as well as views o n marital status and child rearing will show the division within women's notions of motherhood. America underwent a change in 1945 that had never been seen before.Despite representation there was a conflict from WI in the ass'. There was a shift from reduction to consumption, where America was seen as ‘living the good life'. By 1960 America's Income had Increased, and by the end of the decade Americans were moving up In prosperity. What history falls to acknowledge are the women who feel disorientated and discontent. The ass's and ass's was also a time filled with anxiety and alienation. As Betty Friedman puts it there was a vague uneasiness' that is the mark of this period. The sass's was an odd period of time, where many social issues were taking place.Nevertheless women continued to enter the labor force, which suggested the growing antinomy for women after the war. In the 1 ass's as Friedman suggest people were politically and culturally conservative, particularly regardin g gender and family issues, which made exploring new opportunities difficult for women due to restrictive gender norms. Through the lives of middle-class white women Friedman uses labor force participation to show their beliefs of motherhood. The role of a housewife to some may seem simple, as If they have nothing to do but to take care of the children and domestic duties.But what many fall to see are that these women are well educated and hold traditional ideologies of the family in which women sacrifice ones fulfillment ender role expectations. Women's behaviors and beliefs were in relation to men, which created a lack of fulfillment amongst women. Friedman argues these housewives needed competition and should make contributions to society. Friedman's argues that middle-class white women needed to find something fulfilling in society to feel a since of purpose. To get away of what society tells them to do, and start living for what they would want to do.Surprisingly women's action s did not reflect their beliefs. Though these women were educated enough to have careers but, many found it best eatable to become a housewife because it was the gender norm for women to stay at home and be the caregivers while men should become the breadwinners outside the home. These beliefs countered women's fulfillment as a woman but filled their beliefs on motherhood. Friedman titles masculine ideologies of motherhood that creates feelings of emptiness as ‘The Feminine Mystique'. Its overpowering, hegemonic dynamic in the work place and in the homes, where men carry the power enforce gender roles.These women adopt the Feminine Mystique, for the purposes of appeasing to societies expectations, but Friedman clearly shows how the traditional views of others are not holding strong in these women's beliefs. Women were becoming board and tired of being a housewife. This shows the view of motherhood for these women would be to have a more active part in the community, take care of the domestic duties and fulfill the husbands needs but their fear of going against men's ideologies of motherhood keeps them confined.The intersecting identities of class, education status and gender played a role in how these women view their roles in the family. Becoming a stay at home mom may have not always been by choice but by sacrifice. Gender roles have proven to be influential on women's beliefs on others. Despite Friedman pushing for women to become contributing factors in society, Bart Laundry in â€Å"Black Working Wives† offers a counterpoint to the norms of white middle- class families. Black women are usually excluded from white framework of motherhood.He incorporates race unlike Friedman as a contributing identity that shapes black middle-class women's notions of motherhood. Participants were black middle-class two parent families. The black women in these families took care of domestic duties, cared for the children and had an active part in the community, which allowed black women more freedom. Black women in most cases did not have the option of staying home. They pursued careers outside the home because they believed a true woman' could do both. The notion of mother hood was achievement in both public and private spears.The black community held a different standard then their white counterparts. The black community appreciated women's intelligence and their independence. Women's in Friedman's book looked to their husbands for the decision making rather then formatting and expressing their own views. There is a big divide in how women in Friedman's reading and Landers book viewed womanhood partially due to the racial preference and also because of class. For white families you could be middle-class solely on the husband's income.Black families did not share the same experience, to Laundry challenges domesticity as she focuses on African American women. Looking at black families we can see a transition of the traditional family to a more radical modern family. The male ideologies of motherhood were also different as unlike there white counterparts black husbands had the expectation for their wife's to work outside of the home, which allowed black women to become more active in the community. The egalitarian mindset of black families combined the public and irate spear.Working outside of the home gave black women more respect inside of the home. Race has played a significant difference in expectations of working wives. Black women did more because there family needed both incomes to be middle class. They face more criticism in the work place and carry the burden of isolation from the male counterparts coming home from an oppressed workplace. On the other hand white women stayed at home because they had stronger beliefs in ideologies. Catering to the household and their husbands were put over their own needs.Women in both readings lacked fulfillment. Men shared unequal responsibilities in doing housework, which is an issue that has been solved. The power dynamic of who is responsible for the domestic duties, stems from male ideologies. Men in both readings are the primary breadwinners therefore lack the obligating in helping with domestic duties. Friedman and Laundry take on two different perspectives on motherhood. While Friedman is pushing women to become active contributors in their communities Laundry is showing how black women have been working for year to support their families.Here we can see how identities such as class and race can create a division amongst gender and also shape beliefs on motherhood. Women who participate in labor both inside and outside of the home have contradicting beliefs on motherhood. In Mary Blair-Loss book â€Å"Competing Devotions† she looks at how women in both spears view labor and family schemas. Work devoted women in the reading were well education and help high power position Jobs. They worked full time which became time demanding and had to sacrifice their extracurricular time for work. They felt their Job was important and more like dynamic work.Women wanted to become more economically independent from men UT at the same time their high-end Jobs meant working long hours, which left them tired and facing discrimination from male dominance in the work place. Women felt that they were providing a better life for themselves and their children. Their beliefs of motherhood was not to fulfill domestic duties like cleaning and cooking every day but to provide the economic needs for their children so they would always have what they needed. The family devoted women sought marriage and child rearing as their primary devotion.Some women worked part time but still took care of the domestic duties. Families believed their roles to be biologically destined, where men should work full time outside the home. Family devoted mother criticized work devoted mother for not spending more time with their family and work devoted women critic ized stay at home mothers by saying they are lacking fulfillment and depended on men. Like the women in Friedman's reading these women held a more traditional view of womanhood. Like all mothers both schemas came with their sacrifices, which they people for support and shunned the opposite schema.The notions of motherhood aligned with the schema these women adopted. It is interesting to see the role education played in choosing which schema to adopt. Women's views on motherhood relied not only schemas but also their beliefs on marriage. Kathleen Eden and Andrew Cheering search to find the problems as to why low income white and black single mothers are not getting married. The study finds five reasons to why women are reluctant to enter or reenter into a marriage. The same five reasons are also how they define womanhood.Women sought having children before marriage fulfilling, but did not count on being single. Women saw affordability, respectability, control, trust and domestic viol ence as important measures when looking into marriage. These women felt if they were to be in another relationship it would be with a man that would uplift her status. These women wanted a man that they could trust and count on to support them and a child. Class, race and previous experiences shaped these low-income single women notion of motherhood. Due to their low social economic status they wanted a man that could take care of their family.Because they claimed there was a scarcity of black decent men, they looked for affordability and respectability and because of their previous experience they wanted someone they could trust. These women had their own economic stability but anted to gain upward mobility and believed having a decent trustworthy man will fulfill their notion of motherhood. Lastly through Mignon Moor's chapter â€Å"Lesbian Motherhood and Discourses of Respectability' we can see the ways in which lesbian women form motherhood through women's sexual autonomy, and an emphasis in strength and resilience.The reading discusses a lesbian woman named Jackie who has adopted her sister's child. Jackie overcame a massive struggle with social services in finalizing her adoptive rights to Andrew. Her refusal to hide her sexuality supports the notion of black womanhood that communicates a sense of sexual autonomy. Jackass's beliefs of what it meant to be a good mother derived from her childhood past. What she never had as a child she gave to Andrew and she made it her personal responsibility to see that he was safe, and stayed out of trouble.For women like Jackie challenges such as race, family structure and poverty influenced how she defined motherhood. Lesbian mothers have accepted a social responsibility based on family obligations, and have looked into their upbringing and personal experience for defining lesbian One woman named Athena had difficulty with telling her child from a previous heterosexual relationship that she was a lesbian. Athena did not feel comfortable identifying herself as a lesbian because she not only felt stigmatize from the community and family but she felt it was best to keep her sexuality unexposed to protect her child.By Athena not coming into terms with her lesbian identity it ruined her relationship and her chances to gain fulfillment in life. With the ending of her relationship with her partner we can see her understanding of motherhood. She defines motherhood as self-sacrificing for the good of the child. The move toward sexual autonomy is a struggle for women who are reluctant about their identity. Drawing a division between the two identities becomes difficult for women who are heterosexual lens and absorb cultural understandings of good motherhood in ways that make it difficult for them to view their lesbian sexuality in a positive light† (130).There is a constant battle when one is forced to choose between who they are and what is best for their child. Unfortunately the one parallel betw een all women are the sacrifices they endure for their families. We can she a range of mothers living in traditional families to more radical contemporary families, and all define motherhood differently. Women re forced to navigate motherhood through tough circumstances, which can become difficult.As seen in the reading women's roles are stretched so thin it becomes inevitable to find a suitable balance for themselves within the family needs. We can see that motherhood can vary through the different identities such as class, race and sexuality. No women's identities and experiences are the same, which make ‘motherhood' hard to generalize and allows motherhood to also divide gender. It becomes a forced decision rather then a choice that women struggle with in their daily life. Motherhood has become an internal battle between selfish and selfless.

Cover Letter Sample Applying for Content Editor Job

Cover Letter Sample Applying for Content Editor Job SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips According to author Nick Hornby, "The secret of good writing is to cut it back, pare it down, winnow, chop, hack, prune, and trim, remove every superfluous word, compress, compress, compress." The same could be said to bethe secret of writing good cover letters! Since the writer of this next sample letter is applying for the position of Content Editor, she especially needs toshow strong editingskills in her letter. Read on to see if Leila successfully compresses her cover letter into the most persuasive points. Cover Letter Sample for Content Editor Position Leila Shadi1709 Broderick St.San Francisco, CA 945 May 1, 2016 Mr. Ernie SandersChief Marketing OfficerGlobex Tech55 Valley RoadPalo Alto, CA 95014 Dear Mr. Sanders, I was pleased to find your posting for HeadContent Editorwith Globex Tech on MediaBistro.com. I’ve been following your company for the past several months and would be thrilled to contribute to its mission of engaging IT content with global reach.As a Content Editor with CloudArk, I possess both the editorial expertise to grow readership and the leadership experience to manage a team of writers. Please allow me to highlight my skills as they relate to your stated requirements. As a Content Editor with CloudArk, I have Effectively managed a team of five writers; led bi-weekly strategy meetings; assigned topics and projects and maintained editorial calendar. Increased blog readership from 1,000 unique visitors monthly to 50,000 unique visitors monthly in eight months. Produced several viral campaigns with over 10,000 social media shares. Oversaw creation of a bi-weekly newsletter and daily maintenance of social media channels, including Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Pinterest. Demonstrated excellent writing, editorial, and marketing skills and thorough knowledge of trends in IT industry. Maintained productive and positive relationships with coworkers characterized by open communication, creative support, and mutual respect. I’m inspired by your mission to create informative and accessibleIT content and have several ideas for editorial directions that I’d love to discuss. I will call you on Monday to see about arranginga meeting. In the meantime, please don’t hesitate to contact me by phone or email. My professional resume and portfolio of writing samples are attached. Thank you for your time, and I look forward to speaking with you soon. Sincerely, Leila Shadi Leila Shadileila.shadi@gmail.com555-555-5555 Leila sounds like she's had a lot of success as a Content Editor. Will a position as Head Editor be next? Content EditorCover Letter: The Breakdown Leila chooses to present her skills and experiences by bullet point in her cover letter. This list format allows her to pare down her qualifications to the essentials and present them in a clear, easy-to-read manner. While you can write out your cover letter, a format like the one Leila uses can also be an effective way to stick out from the crowd. Leila customizes her letter by stating at the beginning that she's been following the prospective company for some time. She gives specific examples of her experiences and uses data to quantify her accomplishments. She also conveys enthusiasm with her proactive call to action at the end of her letter, saying that she'll call on Monday to set up a meeting. This language can be useful for some jobs, though applicants should carefully consider whether the hiring manager might perceiveit as pushy. Overall, Leila has produced a clear cover letter that highlights her professional achievements as they relate to the new job. The bullet point format allows her to cut down unnecessary wordiness and get straight to the heart of what she wants to say. In addition to the bullet point format, Leila also usestraditional headers in her letter. Should you add those headers to your cover letter, too? A Note on Format While the sample cover letter above uses a traditional format with headers and a signature, your cover letter doesn't necessarily have to. If you're sending your letter as a Word attachment or hard copy, then these headers are a nice touch, especially if they match the formatting on your resume. Lots of organizations, though, expect you to send your cover letter in the body of an email or a text box on their application websites. As both of these modes tend to use plain text, you usually don't need to dress up your cover letter with headers or any extra formatting. You can just start right in with the salutation. If you're not including your email and phone number in a header, then you should probably make sure you add it in your conclusion. Make sure the hiring manager can clearly see how to contact you. Once you've figured out formatting, you can focus the rest of your energy on filling your cover letter with impressive content! What's Next? Care for another sample? Click here to read a cover letter for the position of Customer Experience Representative with an eyeglass company. Are you looking for more cover letters? Check out our full cover letter guide with writing tips and five more samples. If you're writing a cover letter, you should check out our cover letter template. This guide has tips for format, structure, and foolproof phrases, and it leads you through each step of the writing process.

Adult Learning Theory Essay Example for Free

Adult Learning Theory Essay ? Holt (2011), it is stated that it is necessary to bring both concepts of the Bible teaching and contemporary adult learning theories together for the most effectiveness. In the Holt article; it is shown that Biblical explanation and interpretation assist the adult learner in gaining knowledge. The choices one makes gives real world perspective and power can only be obtained by the Holy Spirit. The article discusses the styles in which adult learning makes a difference, whether androgogy, transformative learning or self-directed learning (Holt). Adult Learning Theory for the Twenty-First Century† discusses the goals of educators to better prepare themselves to better deal with adult learners. Over the last 15 years, learning theories have changed very aggressively (Merriam, 2008). As adults continue to develop human physiology changes, thus learning teaching styles have to change to keep up. It has been recognized that with time everything that adults experience is part of the learning process. It has been further recognized that educators have to increase their tool set to involve creative and artistic modes of teaching to reach a wider audience. Both articles cover the ever-changing dynamics of the human psyche and educational styles and requirements in dealing with adult learning. Educators have to continue to increase knowledge both for themselves as well as those whom they are educating. Where the styles of the teaching process in the Holt (2011) article differ from the Merriam (2008) article, they both recognize the changes in adult learners. It has been recognized over years and will continue for years to come that educators of adults will have to continue honing their skill sets to accommodate the learning styles of adults. Since adults learn differently from children it is important to include the learning styles necessary to maximize the efforts of educators. As adults learning styles change it will be necessary for those educating adults to change also. Reflection After reading both articles and realizing the application in my own life and learning style, I conclude that adults learn differently. There were moments of complete frustration as I was putting my thoughts together as I can tend to be somewhat of a perfectionist. I had the realization that time management and organizational skills are imperative when completing an assignment of any type. The Holt (2011) article caught my attention initially because of how I tend to study and read the Bible in particular. I am coming to understand more and more how I learn and further realize that the concepts of knowledge, choice and power are applicable in my own life. I am intrigued by the concept mentioned in the Holt article and will consider its application to my current Bible study methods. The Merriam (2008) article is interesting in the fact that I had no idea how challenging it is for educators to keep up with the learning curve that is necessary to continue teaching the increasing number of adult learners. Being out of the college environment for so long, I realize it is not as easy to just get things done with all of the demands of life as I know it. I can see how both articles and their teaching styles have a positive impact on dealing with adult learning. With all of the influences of culture, music, art, etc, it is imperative that educators find a way to keep up with the demands of educating the population of adults returning to increase their knowledge to keep up with fast paced American culture. I now have a new respect for teachers on all levels. It is interesting that adult educator’s find is so necessary to effectively reach adults. It is increasingly more common for adults to return to school for a number of reasons, and are driven to succeed for just as many reasons. Thankfully educators realize the change necessary to comprehend the goals of those adults striving for successes related to educating themselves. References Holt, R. A. (2011). Teaching that transforms: Facilitating life change through adult Bible teaching. Christian Education Journal,  8(2), 450+ Merriam, S. B. (2008). Adult learning theory for the twenty-first century. New Directions For Adult And Continuing Education, Volume 2008, Issue 119, 93-98. DOI: 10. 1002/ace. 309 Adult Learning Theory. (2018, Nov 10).

Statement of purpose 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statement of purpose 2 - Essay Example I always desired to be of great help as well to the young people in the building of a good future they can be proud of and be a part in freeing them from ignorance therefore, from passion in criminal acts, helping them lead their skills and strengths to productivity rather than destruction. Being from Kuwait and mostly taught by my countrymen, I have discovered the advantages of being able to speak another language especially that which is used internationally, English. Speaking only one language limits a person’s opportunities like employment and continuing one’s studies overseas. This is a problem which abounds in our country because of the communication constraints to those who are not able to speak English fluently. The inability of a person to express himself well in an international language does not always mean the person is stupid or has nothing good to say. The thing is, most bright people meet the problem of effectively bringing their thoughts into a state whe re they are well understood. This situation usually brings some problems with it like the use of an ineffective English speaker’s ideas by others who are more apt to the use of the language. Such atrocities are among the reasons why I like to empower myself with the learning I can get from my post-graduate studies. I have been blessed to have acquired a good deal of information and training in verbal and written English communication skills as most of my professors have observed in the recommendation letters they provided me. However, I know there is still a wide room for me for improvement so that as an educator, I would like to let myself be further trained. This is the very reason why I would like to enroll at your prestigious school, the University of Sussex as I also know that this school is internationally recognized, providing a high quality of education. As an educator, I value the quality of education that I provide to my students so I also seek such education becaus e I believe I can never give what I do not have. I am currently teaching English at the Ministry of Education in Kuwait exclusively for boys and it is here that my passions have been inflamed again to affect the lives of such young minds, to learn another language and not be satisfied in their comfort zones. I now see myself in them when I was a student myself. My elementary and high school days have been quite easy because most of our teachers were our fellow countrymen. However, when I went to college, everything turned out to be all different in many aspects. First of all, I struggled with my English communication skills because most of our teachers are foreigners. I really had to work hard in improving my communication skills because I so much desired the education that would really lead me to the life that I like. Secondly, the school was bigger in area and number of students. This made me see what I have missed and those which I have been blessed with. One of the things that I observed was the superiority of my fellow students who are able to speak English fluently. I envied them and turned my envy to a passion for learning. The diversity of the educational backgrounds of college students opened my eyes to what I can achieve and what I can do to help other people succeed. I learned that education can do wonders to a person especially when one is able to speak in English fluently. With this, I have decided that I have to become a good example not just in words but in action as well.

The Decline of the English and Humanities Departments of Universities Research Paper

The Decline of the English and Humanities Departments of Universities - Research Paper Example Regardless of this reduced interest in Humanities, it is important to note that Scientists and Economists alike rely on languages and Humanities in their researches, analyses and presentations (Howard 24). The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of such a decline and the proposal of possible solutions to reverse the situation. Different policymakers and educators have become more and more responsive of the significance of understanding the learning practices of other countries. This is done on the basis to evaluate the comparative standing of their education results as a sign of international financial competitiveness. In any given society or nation, education forms a point of reference from where economic development is achieved and the improvement of the living standards. Howard (34) notes that the great loss and disappearance of great works, the consistent devaluation of humanities against the sciences and the sluggish speed of humanities as compared to that of hi-tech nologies are all factors for the reduced interest in humanities. With this also comes the fact that parents and students alike desire a profitable return for their big investments in high education. Thus, more and more students turn to Science subjects and Economics. It is worth contemplating that English and humanities departments should be made in such a way that learners are assured of getting job once they leave their colleges. This will be the only way through which the decline of such subjects will be minimized in the end. As Chace (35) suggests, the major cause for this has been the failure of the English and Humanities’ departments on themselves to champion the material they teach. For instance, English departments have shifted their focus from once popular books and literature to arbitrary studies, such as identity, popular culture, sexuality and abstruse theory. The result is that the books, which ought to be studied independently, have become a secondary rather tha n a primary source, being used only to give information about these studies. The impact of this is that the departments â€Å"have distanced themselves from young people interested in good books† (Chace 36). This explains the reduction in enrollment into Humanities over the past few decades, whereby, even with an increased capacity of student enrollment into universities, there has been a significant reduction of the students enrolled in these departments. Besides, while English departments are responsible for teaching composition in the Universities- a central activity in higher education- its instructors are among the lowest paid, sometimes being considered as a liability rather than an asset (Chace 40). This has formed a point of reference from where many of the instructors have been forced to seek well paying jobs, in so doing resulting to the decline of certain departments. The fact that many higher education institutions have had to close their humanities and foreign la nguages departments so as to cut ion cost is in itself a daunting and frightening fact to the absolute future of humanities. Similarly, several studies show that the faculty jobs for humanities are diminishing while that of social sciences is increasing. For instance, one such study by Stanford University in 2006 shows that between 1915 and 1955, the faculty

Global Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global Human Resource Management - Essay Example The manner in which an organization will use its resources to achieve competitive advantage in the larger environment is defined by strategies. Formulation of strategies and process of management analyzes opportunities and threats in business and resource breaches. Existing values and philosophy of management will also be analyzed. The success of an organization depends on how strategies are formulated and pursued. These strategies should take advantage of the prospects outside, minimize the effect of threats from outside and capitalize on strengths from inside the organization. An organization that has intentions to expand its operations into the international markets should base on the accurate competence. Right competence is necessary so that the organization is relevant in the international markets. An organization should also understand the target markets priorities together with the challenges involved into the environments of the international markets. In response, the organiz ation should develop strategies that would make it a decipherable player in the international stage. This paper sought to locate to locate the staffing strategies and supporting aspects in internalization of organizations in the automobile industry, using the BMW group as a case study. To sum up, the data analyzed identified various staffing strategies that organizations employ to ensure successful process of internalization. The strategies are market dominance position strategy, business models strategy, mode of entry strategy and opportunism on government policies. Organizations are about people and not strategy, structures or systems. Organizations adapt their human resource management practices for successful strategies execution so as to survive and grow in the international markets. International human resource field has been a focus of all business organizations and its

Organizational Culture of Public and Private Sector Banks

Organizational Culture of Public and Private Sector Banks In the past 25 years, the concept of organizational culture has gained wide acceptance as a way to understand human systems. From an open-sytems perspective, each aspect of organizational culture can be seen as an important environmental condition affecting the system and its subsystems. The examination of organizational culture is also a valuable analytical tool in its own right. This way of looking at organizations borrows heavily from anthropology and sociology and uses many of the same terms to define the building blocks of culture. Edgar Schein, one of the most prominent theorists of organizational culture, gave the following very general definition: The culture of a group can now be defined as: A pattern of shared basic assumptions that the group learned as it solved its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid and therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems. (Schein 373-374) The pattern of shared values, beliefs and assumptions considered to be the appropriate way to think and act within an organization. Culture is shared Culture helps members solve problems Culture is taught to newcomers Culture strongly influences behavior Layers of Culture 1.1 Elements of culture G. Johnson described a cultural web, identifying a number of elements that can be used to describe or influence Organizational Culture: The Paradigm: What the organization is about; what it does; its mission; its values. Control Systems: The processes in place to monitor what is going on. Role cultures would have vast rulebooks. There would be more reliance on individualism in a power culture. Organizational Structures: Reporting lines, hierarchies, and the way that work flows through the business. Power Structures: Who makes the decisions, how widely spread is power, and on what is power based? Symbols: These include organizational logos and designs, but also extend to symbols of power such as parking spaces and executive washrooms. Rituals and Routines: Management meetings, board reports and so on may become more habitual than necessary. Stories and Myths: build up about people and events, and convey a message about what is valued within the organization. These elements may overlap. Power structures may depend on control systems, which may exploit the very rituals that generate stories which may not be true. 1.2 Dimensions of Organizational Culture Innovation and risk-taking The degree to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risks. Attention to detail The degree to which employees are expected to exhibit precision, analysis, and attention to detail. Outcome orientation The degree to which management focuses on results or outcomes rather than on technique and process. People orientation The degree to which management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on people within the organization. 1.3 Keeping a Culture Alive To keep the culture alive of an organization following are to be considered:- Selection Identify and hire individuals who will fit in with the culture Top Management Senior executives establish and communicate the norms of the organization Socialization 1.4. Profiles of the bank Introduction to ICICI ICICI was formed in 1955 at the initiative of the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of Indian industry. ICICI Bank (BSE: ICICI) (formerly Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India) is Indias largest private sector bank by market capitalization and second largest overall in terms of assets. Its industry basically includes banking, insurance capital alliance. It has about  a network of 1,668 branches and about 4,883 ATMs in India and presence in 18 countries as well as some 24 million customers (at the end of July 2007). The Bank is expanding in overseas markets and has the largest international balance sheet among Indian banks. ICICI Bank now has wholly-owned subsidiaries, branches and representatives offices in 18 countries, including an offshore unit in Mumbai. ICICI Bank is also the largest issuer of credit cards in India. It is the most valuable bank in India in terms of market capitalization. ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialized subsidiaries and affiliates in the areas of investment banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. The principal objective was to create a development financial institution for providing medium-term and long-term project financing to Indian businesses. ICICI was the first one to introduce the concept of branding in the Indian banking industry. ICICI Bank is one of the Big Four Banks of India with State Bank of India, Axis Bank and HDFC Bank. Introduction to HDFC Hdfc bank is one of the popular private sector banks. It was established in 1994.the full name of hdfc bank is Housing Development Finance Corporation. It was the first bank to receive an approval from RBI for setting up bank in private sector. This bank was incorporated with the name HDFC bank ltd. and the registered head office of hdfc bank is in Mumbai. At present the bank is having total no. of 1412 branches and over 3275 ATMs across India MAJOR POINTS In 2002 HDFC bank witnessed and its merger with times bank limited .with this both HDFC and times bank become the first two private banks in new generation private sector banks. In 2008 RBI approved merger of Centurian bank of Punjab with HDFC bank. With this merger the total deposit reached RS 1,22,000 Crore. While advances were RS 89,000 crore and balance sheet size was RS 1,63,000 crore. All the branches of the bank are online connected with the other ensuring speedy funds transfer for the customers. The bank is Continuously using up to date technology along with market position to build maximum market share. CAPITAL STRUCTURE HDFC banks total authorized capital is RS 550 crore at present from this the paid up amount is 424.6 crore. HDFC group holds 19.4%. The bank has about 5, 70,000 share holders. Its share find a listing on the stock exchange (Mumbai and national stock exchange).hdfc banks American depository shares are listed on the New York stock exchange (NYSE). Introduction to SBI SBI, the state bank of India is a public sector bank. It was founded in 1806 in Kolkata as Bank of Calcutta. Its headquarters are situated in Corporate Centre, Madam Cama  Road, Mumbai  400 021 India. It includes the banking, insurance and capital market industry. The roots of the State Bank of India rest in the first decade of 19th century, when the  Bank of Calcutta, later renamed the  Bank of Bengal, was established on 2 June 1806. The Bank of Bengal and two other Presidency banks, namely, the  Bank of Bombay  (incorporated on 15 April 1840) and the  Bank of Madras  (incorporated on 1 July 1843). All three Presidency banks were incorporated as  joint stock companies, and were the result of the  royal charters. These three banks received the exclusive right to issue paper currency in 1861 with the Paper Currency Act, a right they retained until the formation of the Reserve Bank of India. The Presidency banks amalgamated on 27 January 1921, and the reorganized banking entity took as its name  Imperial Bank of India. The Imperial Bank of India continued to remain a joint stock company. The roots of the State Bank of India rest in the first decade of 19th century, when the  Bank of Calcutta, later renamed the  Bank of Bengal, was established on 2 June 1806. The Bank of Bengal and two other Presidency banks, namely, the  Bank of Bombay  (incorporated on 15 April 1840) and the  Bank of Madras  (incorporated on 1 July 1843). All three Presidency banks were incorporated as  joint stock companies, and were the result of the  royal charters. These three banks received the exclusive right to issue paper currency in 1861 with the Paper Currency Act, a right they retained until the formation of the  Reserve Bank of India. The Presidency banks amalgamated on 27 January 1921, and the reorganized banking entity took as its name  Imperial Bank of India. The Imperial Bank of India continued to remain a joint stock company. Pursuant to the provisions of the State Bank of India Act (1955), the  Reserve Bank of India, which is  IndiaHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_BankHYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Banks central bank, acquired a controlling interest in the Imperial Bank of India. On 30 April 1955 the Imperial Bank of India became the State Bank of India. The  Govt. of India  recently acquired the Reserve Bank of Indias stake in SBI so as to remove any conflict of interest because the RBI is the countrys banking regulatory authority. In 1959 the Government passed the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, enabling the State Bank of India to take over eight former State-associated banks as its subsidiaries. On  Sept 13, 2008,  State Bank of Saurashtra, one of its Associate Banks, merged with State Bank of India. State Bank of India is one of the  Big Four Banks  of India with  ICICI Bank,  Axis HYPERLINK http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_BankBank  and  HDFC Bank. Introduction to Punjab national bank The Punjab National Bank or PNB is one of the well known commercial and banking institutions India .it is the second largest government owned commercial bank in the country and offers financial services in public sector. Around 37 million customers are served by the bank on an average basis. The customized facilities and services make it a trusted name in the domain of banking. Growth of pnb Punjab National Bank was registered under the Indian Companies Act on 19 May in the year 1894 and its first office was set up at Anarkali Bazaar in Lahore. Since then, the bank has become a great name in the field of banking and is very much preferred by the customers for the wide range of its services. Today, the bank has around 4,904 branches. Due to its facilities and services of high standards, Punjab National Bank has also been the recipient of a number of prestigious awards. Punjab National Bank offers financial solutions and services in an array of sectors. All these services that are offered keep pace with the changing market trends in order to fulfill the needs and preferences of the customers. Some of the well known sectors on which the main functions of the bank are based are: Personal Banking Corporate Banking Agriculture finance services Industrial finance services Trade financial services International banking services 2. RATIONALE OF STUDY In the past few decades, the concept of organizational culture has gained wide acceptance as a way to understand human systems. From an open-systems perspective, each aspect of organizational culture can be seen as an important environmental condition affecting the system and its subsystems. The examination of organizational culture is also a valuable analytical tool in its own right. This study tries to find out the variations that prevail in public sector banks with that of private sector banks with respect of the dimensions, artifacts and power structure etc. this study also tries to find out the relationship between organization culture and motivational level of the employees. 3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 3.1 Schein [1998] We can aslo charactertise culture as consisting of three levels. The most visible level is behavior and atrifacts.this is the obserable level of culture and consist of behavior patterns and outward manifestations of culture: perquistes provided to executives, dress code, level of technology utilized and the physical layout of the work spaces. All may be physical indcators of culture, but different to interpret. Artifacts and behavior may also tell us what a group is doing, but not why. 3.2 Koen [2009] While both the strategic management and the network literature recognize the importance of inter-firm relationships for explaining competitive advantage, the question why firms differ in their ability to benefit from these relationships is rarely addressed. This study aims to begin to fill this gap in the literature and argue that organizational culture is an important factor influencing the relationship skills of a firm, defined as a firms ability to manage its ties with other firms, whether these are customers, suppliers, or service providers. The researcher assume relationship skills to be especially relevant for the formation and maintenance of close and durable transaction ties. The researcher tested the model on a dataset of 127 Dutch inter-firm relations and find general support. Specifically, researcher find that firms with organizational cultures characterized by an orientation towards stability and predictability, a positive orientation towards innovation, and not character ized by a strong focus on immediate results, score high on relationship skills. Relationship skills, in turn, are found to have a positive influence on the outcomes of inter-firm relationships in terms of learning, achieving innovations and gaining new contacts, but not in terms of immediate (financial) results. 3.3 Indian Association of Computational Mechanism conflict types and role of organization culture (2004) The potential positive or negative consequence of relationship conflict versus task conflict for group members and organizations continues to be a controversial topic. Whereas a certain amount of agreement exists on the negative consequences of relationship conflict, the evidence for task conflict is not as conclusive. This has led some authors (De Dreu Weingart, 2003a,b) to propose a contingence perspective. This article continues this approach and analyzes the influence of types of conflict on group members satisfaction and wellbeing, considering the moderating role that organizational culture plays in this relationship. Two types of service organization have been studied; private organizations with a high goal oriented culture, and public organizations with a low goal oriented culture. Results show that a) relationship conflict decreases both public and private workers job satisfaction and affective wellbeing; b) task conflicts decrease private organization workers satisfaction a nd affective wellbeing, while this dysfunctional effect is absent in public organizations; c) goal orientation moderates the effect of task conflict in private organizations; and d) support orientation moderates the effect of task conflict in public organizations. 3.4 Berrio Organizational Culture Assessment Using the Competing Values Framework The contemporary definition of organizational culture (OC) includes what is valued, the dominant leadership style, the language and symbols, the procedures and routines, and the definitions of success that characterizes an organization. OC represents the values, underlying assumptions, expectations, collective memories, and definitions present in an organization (Schein, 1992; Cameron Quinn, 1999). Cameron and Quinn (1999) have developed an organizational culture framework built upon a theoretical model called the Competing Values Framework. This framework refers to whether an organization has a predominant internal or external focus and whether it strives for flexibility and individuality or stability and control. The framework is also based on six organizational culture dimensions and four dominant culture types (i.e., clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy). In addition the framework authors generated an Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI) which is used to identif y the organizational culture profile based on the core values, assumptions, interpretations, and approaches that characterize organizations (Cameron Quinn, 1999). The central issue associated with organizational culture is its linkage with organizational performance. Connections between OC and performance have been established. An increasing body of evidence supports a linkage between an organizations culture and its business performance. In the business arena, evidence has confirmed that companies which put emphasis in key managerial components, such as customers, stakeholders and employees, and leadership, outperform those that do not have these cultural characteristics (Kotter Heskett,1992; Wagner Spencer, 1996). The competing values framework can be used in constructing an organizational culture profile. Through the use of the OCAI, an organizational culture profile can be drawn by establishing the organizations dominant culture type characteristics. In this respect the overa ll culture profile of an organization can be identified as: Clan: an organization that concentrates on internal maintenance with flexibility, concern for people, and sensitivity for customers. Hierarchy: an organization that focuses on internal maintenance with a need for stability and control. Adhocracy: an organization that concentrates on external positioning with a high degree of flexibility and individuality. Market: an organization that focuses on external maintenance with a need for stability and control. The culture of Ohio State University Extension plays an important role in the way Extension personnel plan, implement, and evaluate educational programs. OSU Extension is perceived by its personnel to be an institution devoted to satisfying the needs and wants of its clients through programs that are clearly defined, sensible to public needs, constantly monitored for success, and pro-actively implemented. 3.5 KAVANAGH ASHKANASY Impact of Leadership and Change Management Strategy on Organizational Culture in Case of Merger This study reports a longitudinal study that examined mergers between three large multi-site public-sector organizations. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis are used to examine the effect of leadership and change management strategies on acceptance of cultural change by individuals. Findings indicate that in many cases the change that occurs as a result of a merger is imposed on the leaders themselves, and it is often the pace of change that inhibits the successful re-engineering of the culture. In this respect, the success or otherwise of any merger hinges on individual perceptions about the manner in which the process is handled and the direction in which the culture is moved. Communication and a transparent change process are important, as this will often determine not only how a leader will be regarded, but who will be regarded as a leader. Leaders need to be competent and trained in the process of transforming organizations to ensure that individuals within th e organization accept the changes prompted by a merger. 3.6 Westerns survey of Organizational culture (2003) In December 2003, Westerns Academic and Administrative Leaders and Managers received the results of Westerns survey of organizational culture, completed in July 2003. Staff academic and administrative leaders from 33 different groupings had an opportunity to respond to survey questions regarding What is expected, from a person in your role, to fit in and meet expectations here. A report for Western as a whole was compiled, and the leaders of the 33 groups were invited to requisition confidential sub-group reports for their own areas.The initiative was undertaken on behalf of the University by Human Resources to provide a) information for focussing leader, staff, and organizational development initiatives, and b) baseline data for evaluating the outcomes of these initiatives over the next 3 years. The survey will be repeated in 2007.   Research on organizational culture conducted by the survey company used (Human Synergistics) shows that performance feedback systems and leadership p ractice exert the greatest influence on culture. Culture, in turn, can be correlated with levels of role clarity, role consistency, employee satisfaction, and commitment to customer service. Western has committed resources to enhance leadership practice, support campus-wide staff development, improve work systems, and more closely integrate academic and administrative leadership, so that all work is clearly aligned with Westerns academic mission.   Ã‚   In an effort to enhance positive aspects of Westerns culture and to decrease negative aspects, leaders can now draw on research regarding the levers for change for influencing organizational culture. Areas to improve include: communication processes, work design, the performance feedback system, and the participative dimension of the operational planning process. 3.7 McMurray- Organizational Climate and Organizational Culture (2003) This multi-method study explored the relationship between organizational climate and organizational culture in a newly emerging university. Organizational climate was explored through the distribution of a survey to 145 academic staff. An 88% response rate yielded 128 responses. To uncover the organizational culture, semi-structured interviews were, conducted with the Deputy Vice-Chancellor, the Deputy Principal, 7 Deans, and 15 Centre Heads from the various faculties. The study uncovered the ways in which organizational culture evolves and becomes intertwined with organizational climate. The data yielded new insights as to the ways in which organizational climate and culture intersect. This has particular relevance at the sub-unit level where climate features are most positive in those faculties whose subcultures are congruent with the leadership culture, and are least positive in faculty subcultures that are incongruent with the leadership. 3.8 Purang- HRD Climate in Public and private organizations Most researchers agree that a congenial HRD climate is extremely important for the ultimate achevement of the business goals. It is a phenemenon experienced by the employees and often reffered to by expressions like environment, atmosphere and so on. Climate at the individual level is a summary perception of the organizations work environment that is descriptivr rather than evaluative in nature. Another approach to the climate is the cultural approach, which proposes that the climate arises from the intersubjectivety of the members as they interact within a context established by an organizations culture. In the indian context type of organization influences the culture prevalent in the organization. Since climate is an outcome of culture this study compares the HRD climate perceptions of public and private organizations. The study compares the perception of middle level managers from different organizations and gives the conclusion that in government organizatons there is need to im prove HRD climate. 3.9 Srimannarayana HRD climate in Dubai Bank Based on the resonses of 212 employees working in a local bank in dubai, the study attempts to assess the HRD climate in a bank through a questionaire containing 38 items. The area of difference were identified in this study among the various categories of HRD climate. An attempt was made to find out the difference in the perception of HRD climate among the employees, based on position, nationality, gender and age and gives the conclusion that personal power bases had a strong direct effect on job satisfaction.both position and personal power are positevely related to job satisfaction. 3.10 Sengupta- Gender, work and organization culture Organizations work in social milieu and therefore the socio cultural factors greatly affect the organizational culture. The social role perception seemed to have a bearing on the structural role of men and women in the organization. The study aimed to examine the impact of social role on organization culture and managerial work behavior. The study concluded that managerial behavior is culturally influnced and women managers are percieved as equally competent as male managers. SCOPE OF THE STUDY 4.1 Universe/Population of the study The universe or the population of the study is confined to the four organizations viz, State bank of India, icici bank, hdfc bank and pnb 4.2 Category of respondents The respondents will be selected from the different levels of the management as per the need of the study. The respondents will be selected using the stratified random sampling. 4.3 Region of the study The study will be confined to the region of jalandhar city only, the reason for this confinement to jalandhar only is due to time and cost constraints. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 5.1 Objectives Of the Study To study and describe the prevailing organization culture of Private and Public sector banks in terms of :- Artifacts Beliefs, Values and Assumptions Dimentions of Organizational Culture Relationship between organization culture and structure Relationship between organization culture and power structure. To study the effect of promotion policies and subsequent employees turnover rate : the comparison of the two orgaizations. To study the impact of organization culture on employees motivation level of two organizations. 5.2 Sample Size and Design Sampling is an essential technique in the field of research, Probably no concept is as fundamental to conduct research and interpretation of its results as is sampling. In survey kind of studies, the population under investigation is quite large, making it practically impossible for researcher to research every member of the population. The conclusions will be drawn and generalizations will be made on the basis of examination of some part of the whole population and this is termed as sampling. The population of study will consist of total number of employees working in the four banks. In this study the sample will selected from the head office of all four banks in jalandhar named as state bank of india, Punjab national bank, hdfc and icici. For this purpose the whole the population will be divided into 5 categories i.e. M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5. 5.3 Method of Data Collection The feedback forms will be used for the purpose of data collection. The feedback will be directly given to the respondents. The instructions will be clearly given on the feedback forms to facilitate easy and accurate responses but in order to avoid biasness in the responses; the purpose of the study will not disclosed. The respondents will be assured that the record would be kept confidential. if they faced any difficulty in understanding any item the meaning will be readily explained without biasing their responses in case of direct filling of questionnaire. These feedback forms will be given to whole of the sample and the feedback will be analyzed as after. 5.4 Instrument to be Used The study will be conducted using pre-structured questionnaire. To facilitate answering, the questions will be developed in simple words, to convey the real and full meaning. The questionnaire will be also pre-tested to see whether the respondents would face any difficulty in understanding and answering the questions. The questionnaire will be divided into two parts. The first part of the questionnaire will aim at getting basic information relating to the respondents socio-economic background such as age, education, marital status, occupation, monthly income etc. and in the second part of the study the detailed information for the motivation level and impact of other cultural variables among employees. 5.5 Statistical Analysis and Tools The data, after collection will be processed and analyzed, comparisons and analysis will be made. Thus, in the process of analysis, relationships or differences supporting or conflicting with original or new hypothesis will be subjected to statistical tests of significance to determine with what validity data can be said to indicate any conclusion 5.6 Proposed Plan Introduction Research Methodology Introduction to the company Data presentation Analysis Conclusion Bibliography 5.6 Limitations of the study The study do not take all the issues relating to the organization culture due to time constraint, but an attempt is made to cover all the important issues in the study. There may be some bias in the responses which cannot be ruled out. i.e. some of the feedbacks may not be given with honesty.